台資企業印尼鎳供應鏈環境與人權影響報告
隨著全球爭相實現淨零排放，對於支撐氣候轉型的關鍵礦物供應鏈中存在的人權侵害與環境破壞的關注也日益升高。鎳礦是其中一種關鍵礦物，而印尼擁有全球最大的鎳儲量，預計到2030年將主導全球鎳產量，占比將達62%。
本報告聚焦於印尼的兩大鎳工業園區：印尼莫羅瓦利工業園區（Indonesia Morowali Bay Industrial Park，IMIP）和印尼韋達灣工業園區（Indonesia Weda Bay Industrial Park，IWIP）。這兩個工業園區主要由中國公司主導，並受到中國與印尼政府的嚴密控制。本報告首次揭露了台灣跨國上市企業——華新麗華股份有限公司與燁輝企業股份有限公司——在這些園區中的存在，並強調它們有能力提升這個不透明產業的透明度，促進尊重人權與環境的商業實踐。
華新麗華透過其子公司生產鎳生鐵(nickel pig iron)與冰鎳(nickel matte)，並在莫羅瓦利工業園區與韋達灣工業園區經營燃煤發電廠。華新麗華從多家有爭議的公司採購鎳礦，如PT Sambaki Tambang Sentosa，該公司曾涉及土地爭議和人權侵害指控。華新麗華的鎳產品也銷售給與環境與勞工問題有關的中國企業，並從印尼供應商處購買不銹鋼產品，進一步嵌入全球鎳供應鏈。
燁輝企業則透過子公司Asiamax Mining Indonesia在莫羅瓦利營運鎳冶煉廠，其公司PT Genba Multi Mineral被指控涉及土地掠奪與環境破壞，尤其對當地社區的水產養殖產業造成了嚴重損害。
儘管存在這些爭議，台灣企業仍有機會藉由提升透明度，改善印尼鎳產業中存在的嚴重環境與人權問題，從而推動更具倫理與可持續的商業實踐。
While the world scrambles to achieve net zero, growing awareness is emerging about human rights abuses and environmental harms within the critical minerals supply chains essential for a successful climate transition. This report focuses on two nickel industrial parks in Indonesia, which possesses the world’s largest nickel reserves and is projected to dominate global production, accounting for 62% by 2030.
The parks are the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) and the Indonesia Weda Bay Industrial Park (IWIP), which are primarily dominated by Chinese companies and tightly controlled by both Chinese and Indonesian governments. This report is the first to uncover the presence of Taiwanese publicly listed multinationals in these parks – Walsin Lihwa Corporation and Yieh Phui Enterprise – highlighting their potential to illuminate the opaque industry and promote business practices that respect human rights and the environment.
Walsin Lihwa, through its subsidiaries, produces nickel pig iron and nickel matte, and operates a coal-fired power plant at IMIP and IWIP. It sources nickel from controversial companies like PT Sambaki Tambang Sentosa, which has faced land disputes and allegations of human rights abuses. The company also sells its nickel products to Chinese firms linked to environmental and labor violations. Walsin Lihwa’s involvement extends to the purchase of stainless steel products from Indonesian manufacturers, further embedding it in the global nickel supply chain.
Yieh Phui Enterprise, via its subsidiary Asiamax Mining Indonesia, operates a nickel smelter in Morowali and is involved in multiple nickel-related ventures. Its company, PT Genba Multi Mineral, has been accused of land grabs and environmental damage, particularly harming aquaculture and livelihoods in local communities.
Despite these controversies, Taiwanese companies have the potential to influence more ethical and sustainable practices in this opaque industry by promoting transparency and addressing the severe environmental and human rights concerns that plague Indonesia’s nickel sector.